A coalition of ten European Union member states has called for enhanced sanctions on Russian metals, including aluminium, in an effort to curtail Moscow’s revenue streams further. The proposal was detailed in a letter obtained by Reuters.
The initiative is spearheaded by Poland, which is set to assume the rotating presidency of the EU Council in January 2025, succeeding Hungary. Other signatories include the Baltic states, Denmark, Ireland, Romania, Sweden, the Czech Republic, and Finland. The letter underscores the economic significance of Russia’s metal exports, stating: “Since metals are a critical source of income for Russia, second only to fossil fuels, we must introduce additional bans on metal imports.”
Current State of EU Sanctions on Russian Metals
While the EU has already imposed sanctions targeting specific Russian aluminium products—such as wire, pipes, and foil—these measures account for less than 15% of the bloc’s total imports of the metal. Unlike the United States and the United Kingdom, which have implemented broader restrictions on Russian metal producers, including industry giant Rusal, the EU has yet to take similar steps.
Despite some progress in diversifying metal supply chains, the EU continues to import significant quantities of Russian aluminium. European manufacturers have increasingly sourced copper from countries like Peru and Serbia, but dependency on Russian aluminium persists.
Broader Context: The 15th EU Sanctions Package
This renewed push comes as the EU adopted its 15th package of economic and individual sanctions against Russia on 16 December. The latest measures include restrictions on 54 individuals and 30 organisations, targeting North Korean officials and Chinese suppliers of drone components. The package also aims to address sanctions circumvention, focusing on Russia’s “shadow fleet” used for illicit trade, and seeks to weaken the country’s military-industrial complex.
Implications and Challenges
The proposal to expand sanctions on Russian metals reflects growing determination among some EU member states to address the economic pillars sustaining Moscow’s war effort in Ukraine. However, achieving unanimity among the 27-member bloc remains a challenge. Member states with significant industrial sectors reliant on aluminium may resist broader import bans, fearing potential economic repercussions.
Moreover, the EU’s measures must balance economic pressures on Russia with the need to secure alternative sources of metals. While progress has been made in sourcing materials from other regions, the transition away from Russian metals remains incomplete.
Poland’s Leadership Role
Poland’s prominent role in advocating stricter sanctions aligns with its broader strategy to increase its influence within the EU. As the incoming Council president, Poland is expected to prioritise support for Ukraine and measures to counter Russian aggression. Its leadership will be critical in steering discussions on further sanctions and rallying member states to adopt a unified stance.
