Thousands of Slovaks gathered in freezing temperatures in Bratislava on 3 January 2025 to protest against Prime Minister Robert Fico’s pro-Russian policies and lack of transparency. The demonstration follows weeks of controversy over Fico’s December meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin and his disappearance from public view thereafter.
Mass Mobilisation in Bratislava
An estimated 4,000 protesters filled the streets of Slovakia’s capital, waving national and European Union flags. Organised by the Peace for Ukraine activist group, the demonstration was marked by widespread calls for Slovakia to reaffirm its commitment to European values. Placards designed by artist Rudolf Sikora bore slogans such as “We are Europe” and “Betrayal,” while chants of “We aren’t Russia” and “Fico, go to Moscow” echoed throughout the city.
One of the banners read: “Slovakia, beware, the occupation has begun,” reflecting growing fears among citizens about the prime minister’s alignment with the Kremlin. The EU anthem, “Ode to Joy,” was played, with organisers declaring it “our anthem.”
A Prime Minister in Hiding
Fico has not been seen publicly since his return from Moscow on 22 December, sparking intense media speculation. Slovak outlet Dennik N reported that Fico had been staying at the luxury Capella Hotel in Hanoi, Vietnam. A video released during his absence showed him criticising Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, a move that further inflamed tensions.
Fico’s government has faced sharp criticism for halting military aid to Ukraine, blaming the West for Russia’s aggression, and adopting policies that many view as undermining Slovakia’s role within the EU. Protesters argued that the prime minister’s Moscow visit symbolised a betrayal of national and European interests, with one speaker accusing him of turning Slovakia into “Russia’s doormat.”
Civil Society and Opposition Unite
The protest highlighted a call for unity among opposition parties and civil society groups. Artist Rudolf Sikora urged opposition politicians to set aside differences and work together to counter what he described as a growing threat to Slovakia’s sovereignty and democratic values. “We need to unite against evil,” Sikora implored the crowd.
The organisers of the protest emphasised the need for Slovaks to resist what they view as an erosion of the country’s independence. “Fico wants to hand Slovakia over to Russia,” one protest leader declared, a sentiment echoed by other speakers throughout the event.
The Context of Growing Discontent
Fico’s Moscow meeting occurred amidst a heated dispute with Ukraine over the cessation of Russian gas transit through Ukrainian territory. Kyiv’s decision to halt the flow of gas prompted Fico to write a letter to EU leaders, criticising Ukraine and threatening to cut electricity supplies to Kyiv. These actions, combined with Fico’s absence and the release of his critical video, have fuelled public dissatisfaction and intensified scrutiny of his leadership.
The protests also underscore broader concerns about Russian influence in Central and Eastern Europe, where nations like Slovakia face significant pressure to balance domestic politics with their commitments to the EU and NATO. Fico’s policies have drawn criticism from international observers, who warn of a potential shift in Slovakia’s geopolitical orientation.
Uncertain Future for Fico’s Government
Prime Minister Robert Fico’s government faces a precarious future as public dissatisfaction and internal political divisions deepen. Declining public trust, fuelled by recent controversies, has left the administration struggling to maintain its footing. Fico’s Moscow visit and subsequent disappearance have intensified criticism, not only from opposition parties but also from within his own coalition, where cracks are beginning to show.
The protests in Bratislava have amplified calls for change, with demonstrators demanding transparency, accountability, and a commitment to European values. Political analysts warn that these public demonstrations, combined with growing discontent among government allies, could destabilise the administration further. While no immediate motions of no confidence have been announced, opposition leaders are likely to capitalise on Fico’s vulnerabilities to push for his resignation or an early election.
